![]() Lethality of these projectiles is increased through using composite material. Militaries are focusing on innovating and upgrading their existing projectiles, developing next-generation ammunition with homing capability, generalising and diversifying tactical role and range through application of guidance technologies such as laser, infrared (IR), inertial navigation system (INS), global positioning system (GPS), laser and IR combination guidance, INS and GPS combination guidance, and so on. The muzzle energy of this tank gun can reach 18 megajoules (MJ), which is almost double that of the most advanced tank guns currently. The trend in development of larger calibre guns is also shown in the Russia’s T-14 Armata tank, which is rumoured to have a 135mm smoothbore barrel. These guns can fire many types of projectiles, including laser-guided missiles. Increased power of tank guns is achieved by longer barrel with larger calibre as has been demonstrated in 2A46M 125mm gun for Russia’s T-90S tank or L-55 120mm gun for Germany’s Leopard 2A7 tank. Next-generation tank guns are characterised by longer range, higher accuracy and superior firepower. Together with rapid development of science, technology and military technology, the development of tank guns has recorded significant breakthroughs, ensuring their necessary firepower to destroy different targets. Tank guns are the main armament, which decides firepower of tanks. Accordingly, tanks and armoured vehicles are being developed in the direction of improving firepower, lethality, equipping with protection systems, enhancing mobility, command and control, and communication by countries. These types of tanks will be the primary weapons of militaries in many coming decades. Given their important role in providing supporting fire for the infantry, many countries still invest in development of tanks although they are being labeled as obsolete “war machines.” Today, the operational environment and conditions of modern warfare have profoundly changed, and the world is witnessing a robust reemergence of next-generation tanks. Development of tanks that are capable of fulfilling multiple roles, have superior firepower, survivability and mobility, operate on various terrains, in any weather conditions and contested electronic warfare has become a major trend around the world. Tanks remain an indispensable fighting instrument in modern warfare.
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